Physical Energy Flow Accounts

Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

Environmetal statistics and accounts division

Ms Bojana Kržalić Milenković

Statistician-analyst

5, Milana Rakica Street, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

bojana.krzalic@stat.gov.rs

00381116964242, ext. 397

Not applicable.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI.

PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules)

• from the environment to the economy (natural inputs),
• within the economy (products), and
• from the economy back to the environment (residuals),

using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This metadata refers to PEFA datasets based on the same data collection Energy supply and use by NACE Rev. 2 activity (env_ac_pefasu), containing data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C)

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.

PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.

As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).

Three concepts are essential to PEFA:

• the concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
  • natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the econmy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
  • energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
  • energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
• the accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
• the residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

The PEFA manual provides more details on the conceptual foundations of PEFA and includes all relevant definitions.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

Data cover in general 2016 -2023.

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Terajoule (TJ)

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA) as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. and by National legislation:

Not applicable.

Data confidentiality is stipulated by:

- Official Statistics Law (Official Gazette of RS, number 104/2009), Articles 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49.

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2322/zakon_o_statisticie.pdf)

- Rulebook on statistical data protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2343/rulebook-on-statistical-data-protection-in-sors.doc ) 

- Guidelines on measures of data and information protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2341/guidelines-on-measures-of-data-and-information-protection-in-the-sors.doc )

Confidentiality is based on the principles according to the Official Statistics Law (“Official Gazette of RS” no. 104/09).

Confidential data are not published.

Calendar of releases is available at SORS website on the 1st day of December every year for the forthcoming year (http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/calendar).

Calendar of releases is available at SORS website:

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/calendar

The data obtained through statistical surveys are released at the internet presentation (http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/),

Annual.

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Statistical release: https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/vesti/statisticalrelease/?p=17132&a=25&s=2504 

Special publication: https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/publikacije/publication/?p=13218&tip=6 

Via data base.

On request, the access to anonymized microdata is ensured to scientific and research institutions.

Not applicable.

Information is available on Eurostat's website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology)

Quality report are provided, according to Regulation 691/2011.

The SORS quality management system is relied on the Serbian official statistics mission and vision, as well as on the European Statistics Code of Practice – CoP and the Total Quality Management – TQM principles, which together make the common quality framework of the European Statistical System (ESS).

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Physical energy flow accounts interested in the the interaction between the economy and the environment as regards the transfer and use of energy in its various forms.

The relevance of PEFA is enhanced by using a conceptual framework consistent with National Accounts, which allows, e.g. to put in relation with estimates of production, value added, employment, GDP, etc. international and national users (Eurostat, international organizations, European Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries, non-governmental organizations).

On biennial basis (once in two years), by the means of web interview, implemented is the User Satisfaction Survey. The survey results are available at SORS website: http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/o-nama/sistem-upravljanja-kvalitetom.

The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has provided all mandatory variables for the Physical energy flow accounts according to Regulation 691/2011 EC.

Data f are available from 2016-2023.

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Every year data transmit to Eurostat by 30 September, with a timeliness of T+21 months. 

Data are published in line with Release Calendar.

The methodology of PEFA allows reporting according to the rules of the Regulation on European Environmental Economic Accounts 691/2011 EC and geographical comparability with data of the countries of the EU.

The comparability over time is good due to clear statistical concepts and definitions.

The data are coherent with principles, definitions and concepts in National Accounts (ESA - European System of Accounts) and Environmental Accounting (SEEA - System of Environmental-Economic Accounting).

It is important that air emissions accounts (AEA) and physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) employ the same groupings of elementary economic units (NACE Rev. 2 activities) as the ESA supply and use tables. This coherence is important with regards to integrated analyses (e.g. applying Leontief-type input-output analysis).

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The SORS general revision policy constitutes the global frame ensuring that each statistical domain shall define its own revision policy in compliance with its specific nature. 

If the verison of PEFA Builder ( the tool used for energy flow calculation) is updated, the entire time series of Physical Energy Flow Accounts is updated. PEFA Builder verion 5.7.3 was used for calculated energy flows in 2025.  

PEFA are compiled combining a variety of (often administrative) data sources (e.g. national energy statistics, National accounts, transport сstatistics) and auxiliary information. The compilation process may include estimation procedures.

Data are collected annually.

Data are collected by means of a questionnaire (deadline 30 September). Data collection is regulated in Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI.

Respondents are given access to a supporting tool for the calculation of PEFA from energy statistics (PEFA Builder).

Data are extensively checked via a validation procedure using IT tools for the checking of formal compliance, consistency and plausibility. 

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